Beavers in North Carolina

Overview:

• Species: North American beaver (Castor canadensis)

• Largest rodent in North America

• Once nearly extirpated from NC, now found throughout the state

• Important ecological engineers, altering landscapes and creating wetland habitats

Habitat and Behavior:

• Found in rivers, streams, lakes, and wetlands

• Build dams and lodges for shelter and protection

• Primarily nocturnal and crepuscular (active at dawn and dusk)

• Excellent swimmers and can remain submerged for up to 15 minutes

Life Cycle:

• Monogamous, mating for life

• Breeding occurs once a year, typically in January or February

• Gestation period: about 105 days

• Litter size: 2-4 kits

• Kits remain with parents for up to two years

Diet:

• Herbivorous: bark, twigs, leaves, and aquatic plants

• Prefer softwood trees like aspen, cottonwood, and willow

• Store food underwater for winter consumption

Unique Characteristics:

• Large, flat tail used for swimming, balance, and communication

• Webbed hind feet for swimming

• Continuously growing incisors for gnawing wood

• Waterproof fur and closable ears and nostrils for underwater activity

Human Interactions:

Common Occurrences:

• Flooding of roads or property due to dam building

• Tree damage or removal near water bodies

• Creation of wetland habitats

Uncommon Occurrences:

• Damage to crops or ornamental plants

• Undermining of banks or structures near water

Resolution Methods:

DIY Solutions:

• Install fencing or wire mesh around valuable trees

• Use flow devices to manage water levels behind dams

• Plant less palatable species near water bodies

Professional Wildlife Management:

• Installation of pond levelers or other water control devices

• Humane trapping and relocation (requires permits or license in NC)

• Habitat modification to discourage beaver activity

Advance Management:

For persistent beaver issues, implement a combination of exclusion and deterrent methods. Use wire mesh guards around valuable trees and install beaver deceivers or pond levelers to manage water levels. Consider the ecological benefits of beaver activity before removal. If necessary, work with wildlife professionals to develop a management plan that may include selective dam breaching or controlled water level maintenance. Educate your community about the ecological role of beavers. Remember, beaver management in North Carolina often requires permits or licenses. Always consult with the NC Wildlife Resources Commission or a licensed professional (wildlife control agent) before undertaking any beaver management activities. By understanding beaver behavior and ecology, we can better balance human needs with the valuable ecosystem services these animals provide.